Inmarsat's primary satellite television constellation consists of four Inmarsat-3 satellites in geostationary orbit. In between them, the main ("global") beams of the satellites provide overlapping coverage in the entire surface of the Earth apart on the poles. So, thanks to Inmarsat, it has become achievable to extend the reach of terrestrial wired and cellular networks to almost anyplace on Earth.
A geostationary satellite television follows a circular orbit in the plane of the Equator with a height of 35,600km, so that it appears to hover over a chosen point within the Earth's surface area. Three such satellites are ample to cover most of the globe, and mobile users rarely have to switch from just one satellite television to another. Other mobile satellite television systems use bigger numbers of satellites in lower, non-geostationary orbits. From the user's point of view, they move across the sky with a comparatively large speed, often requiring a switch from one satellite television to another in mid-communication and risking the possibility of an interrupted call.
A call from an Inmarsat cellular terminal goes directly for the satellite overhead, which routes it back down to a gateway within the ground called a land earth station (LES). From there the call is passed into the public telephone network.
The Inmarsat-3 satellites are backed up by a fifth Inmarsat-3 and four previous-generation Inmarsat-2s, also in geostationary orbit.
A key advantage in the Inmarsat-3s above their predecessors is their ability to generate a range of spot-beams as well as one large global beams. Spot-beams concentrate extra energy in places of high demand as well as which makes it possible to supply standard services to smaller, simpler terminals.
Inmarasat is a consortium of leading global telecommunications organizations originally established in 1991. The Inmarasat system is designed to produce high top quality satellite-based services to a broad range of customers, such as:
* Voice calling * Short Messaging Service (SMS) * Roaming * Positioning * Facsimile * Information transmission
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