Third and fourth stage hemorrhoids generally can't be treated by normal procedures and require a hemorrhoidectomy. This operation is used to remove internal hemorrhoids and in few severe cases it can be used to remove external hemorrhoids that have not been treated with the normal tablets that is given.
When under going this operation, it is necessary to use anesthesia and relying on the extent of the operation, the patients' preference to the medication and the patients' health, there are three types of anesthesia which can be applied. The sorts of anesthesia are the following: general anesthesia, that leaves the patient fully unconscious, spinal anesthesia, which numbs the lower body and local anesthesia which is injected directly into the part that is going to be operated on.
Not eating a minimum of 12 hours prior to the operation averts the risk of vomiting during the operation and also in healing; this is highly suggested by the doctors and surgeons. It is also normal to undergo different tests prior to the surgery will take place, these can include blood tests and urine tests. In very sever cases if the patient is extremely poorly, other tests will take place such as an x-ray and aspirin to dilute the blood.
The hemorrhoidectomy will last form anything from 1 hour up to 1 and a half hours if all of the previous tests have been passed accordingly. The surgery is an easy on which the patient is laid face down on the table with his legs held in straps so that the buttocks is facing up with both anus and rectum exposed. Once the anesthesia shows the results, the surgeon will start to clamp and tie the hemorrhoid so that it will not bleed, and with a scalpel, remove the hemorrhoid.
Once the surgery is completed, the patient will be kept under observation until the anesthesia wears out of the body completely; the patients will then undergo another test to see if he can pass urine, this is to assure that there is no swelling in the tissues sometimes caused by the operation. If everything is fine the patient will be sent home, but if any problems must arise, the patient will be hospitalized.
On most occasions, after effects might arise like blood in stools or bleeding when moving bowels. The doctor normally gives the patient with pain pills and numbing pills which are used when moving bowels; this is very common right after the surgery takes place. It is even highly recommended to take antibiotics given by the doctor for avoiding any illness that might happen.
The post operation patients should undergo a regular check up with their doctor and even necessary care at home. So that stools pass without any strain it is suggested to intake a lot of fiber foods and take stool softener medicine. A long bath in warm water to aid relax the anal muscles also assists ease pain and itching that can be caused by the operation.
Each surgery has its risk factor and common side effects. Some more common than others might appear after having a hemorrhoidectomy. The very common problems can include hematoma, constipation, bleeding and difficulties to urinate. More unusual problems can take place at a later time and can be unsafe; these include bleeding severely and hemorrhoid reappearance. It is essential to see a doctor immediately if any of these symptoms appear.
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